Five instruments and two reference guides for the engineering questions behind European data centres: where to build, what the power costs, which rules apply, and the physics underneath. Each one shows its sources and its limits.
Instruments
Siting and cost
Data-centre siting: cost and emissions
Set a workload and see 30 European countries ranked by annual electricity cost and emissions.
Where does the same load cost least to run, and at what carbon?
Map
Energy-infrastructure map
Every power plant of 50 MW or more in the WRI database, searchable by fuel and capacity.
What generation sits near a candidate site?
Map, in article
Five-screen siting map
Switch each siting constraint on and watch Europe go dark, then move the thresholds to 2032 to see which ones ease.
Which regions survive every constraint at once?
Calculator
Energy-loss calculator
Particle, material and thickness in; mean loss, most probable value and straggling out, for five particle types.
How much energy does a particle leave in a detector layer?
Calculator, in article
Photon attenuation calculator
Half-value layer and transmission for gamma and X-ray beams through common materials.
How much shielding stops a given beam?
Reference guides
Tracker
European data-centre regulation tracker
EU and national energy rules for data centres, with status, thresholds, next dates and primary sources.
Guide
EU data-centre reporting under the EED
Who must report, which indicators, the deadlines and what is published.